Mekanismoa
Zer den heste-mintza ardatza
Sistema komunikazio benetakoa, arratoietan zehatz-mehatz karakterizatua, eta merkaturatzen zaien pertsonengan askoz gutxiago ezagutua.
Bideak
| Bidea | Mekanismoa | Evidentzia gizakietan |
|---|---|---|
| Vagus nerbioa | Aferente zuntzak heste seinaleen berri ematen diote buruko tronkoari | Anatomikoki ezarrita; kausal rola probatzea zailagoa da |
| Mikrobioma metabolitoak | Kate laburreko gantz azidoak eta neurotransmisore aurrekoak zirkulazioan sartzen dira | Neurri daiteke; ondorengo efektuak ez dira argiak |
| Immune seinalizazioa | Hesteen iragazkortasuna eta inflamatzaile cytokina | Elkarrekintzak ezarrita; norabidea eztabaidatua |
| HPA ardatza | Estres hormonak heste funtzioa aldatzen dute eta alderantziz | Bi norabidekoa eta ondo dokumentatua |
| Heste nerbio sistema | Heste intrintseko neuronak erdi-autonomoki funtzionatzen dute | Ondo karakterizatua |
Ez da hori guztia bazterkoa. Heste nerbio sistemak ehunka milioi neuron ditu eta autonomia handiarekin funtzionatzen du. Hesteen egoerak umorea eragiten du eta umoreak heste funtzioa eragiten du, azterketa baten aurretik urduri egon den edonorrek jada badaki.
Heste-buru komunikazio bideak
Norabide arazoa
Azterketa sistematiko batek depresioa edo antsietatea duten pertsonen eta kontrolen artean mikrobiota desberdintasunak aurkitzen ditu [2]. Denak erabakitzen duen galdera da geziak zein norabidetan apuntatzen duen.
Depresioak jendeak zer jaten duen, zenbat mugitzen den, nola lo egiten duen eta askotan zein medikamentu hartzen duen aldatzen du. Horietako bakoitzak mikrobioma aldatzen du. Beraz, mikrobioma aldaketa eragiten badu depresioak, mikrobioma konposizioan aldea espero zenuke.
Zailtasun bera aplikatzen da sindrome metabolikoaren literaturan [3] eta autismo lanetan [4], non dieta aukeraketa ohikoa den eta berez mikrobioma desberdintasunak sortuko lituzkeen.
Zer finkatuko luke
Interbentzio mikrobioma definituekin, klinika amaierarekin, iraupen egokiarekin eta lagin tamaina egokiarekin egindako probak. Horiek agertzen hasi dira eta orrialde hau aldatzeko arrazoia dira. Orain arte, posizio zintzoa da ardatza existitzen dela eta horren gainean eraikitako kontsumo aplikazioak frogatu gabe daudela — ikusi probiotikoak.
Ohiko galderak
Benetan da hestea "bigarren garuna"?
Serotoninaren %90a hestetik dator?
Nire dieta aldatzeak nire gogo-aldartea alda dezake hestearen bidez?
Zer egin behar dut benetan?
Lotutako irakurketa
Erreferentziak
Hemen azpiko aipamen guztiak PubMed-en edo DOI bidezko jatorrizko peer-reviewed erregistroari lotzen diote. Hemen ez dago mediku aholkurik ordezkatzeko.
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Probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic interventions targeting the early-life gut-brain axis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials Carnazzo SM, Vitello A, Allia F, et al. · Journal of neuroimmunology · 2026 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 42330779
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The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments Task Force Recommendations for the Use of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Fecal Microbiota Transplants in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: Recommandations du Groupe de travail du Réseau canadien pour le traitement des troubles de l'humeur et de l'anxiété (Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments, CANMAT) concernant l'utilisation des probiotiques, des prébiotiques, des symbiotiques et de la transplantation de microbiote fécal chez les adultes atteints de trouble dépressif majeur Bahji A, Brietzke E, Cooke NCA, et al. · Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2026 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 41252333Full text
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Pereira MAOM, Tudella GCN, Klostermann AU, et al. · Neurology · 2026 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 42302222
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Parkinson's Disease: An Exploration Based on UPDRS and Cognitive Scores Liang B, Zou J, Mao X, et al. · Revista de neurologia · 2026 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 42411731Full text
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The complex relationship between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review Zhou XP, Sun LB, Liu WH, et al. · Ageing research reviews · 2025 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 39662839
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Gut microbiota variations in depression and anxiety: a systematic review Cao Y, Cheng Y, Pan W, et al. · BMC psychiatry · 2025 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 40312666Full text
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Exploring the gut-exercise link: A systematic review of gastrointestinal disorders in physical activity Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, et al. · World journal of gastroenterology · 2025 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 40539198Full text
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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Metabolic Syndrome and Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review Dos Santos A, Galiè S · Nutrients · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38337675Full text
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Systematic review: Autism spectrum disorder and the gut microbiota Korteniemi J, Karlsson L, Aatsinki A · Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2023 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 37395517
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Microbiota in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review Lewandowska-Pietruszka Z, Figlerowicz M, Mazur-Melewska K · International journal of molecular sciences · 2023 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 38068995Full text
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The gut microbiota-brain axis, psychobiotics and its influence on brain and behaviour: A systematic review Barrio C, Arias-Sánchez S, Martín-Monzón I · Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 34942539
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The Gut Microbiome in Depression and Potential Benefit of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Observational Studies Alli SR, Gorbovskaya I, Liu JCW, et al. · International journal of molecular sciences · 2022 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 35562885Full text
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The gut microbiota in anxiety and depression - A systematic review Simpson CA, Diaz-Arteche C, Eliby D, et al. · Clinical psychology review · 2021 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 33271426
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Probiotics for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review Naomi R, Embong H, Othman F, et al. · Nutrients · 2021 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 35010895Full text
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The Role of Bacteria and Its Derived Metabolites in Chronic Pain and Depression: Recent Findings and Research Progress Li S, Hua D, Wang Q, et al. · The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2020 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 31760425Full text
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From probiotics to psychobiotics - the gut-brain axis in psychiatric disorders Zagórska A, Marcinkowska M, Jamrozik M, et al. · Beneficial microbes · 2020 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 33191776
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Investigating the effects of synbiotic intervention on working memory, attention, and inhibitory control in healthy young women Salimi Y, Namdarzadeh B, Dehghani-Arani F, et al. · Behavioural brain research · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 42361860
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Adjunctive psychobiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PS128 ameliorates gastrointestinal comorbidities and alters circulating miRNAs and gut microbiota in children with Tourette syndrome: a randomized controlled trial Chang YT, Hong SY, Lin SS, et al. · Food & function · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 42626970
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VSL#3(®) supplementation improves fatigue in long COVID: results from the DELong#3 randomized placebo-controlled trial Amoroso C, Marinoni B, Maragno P, et al. · British journal of biomedical science · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 42577968Full text
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Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and cognitive decline in older adults with obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study Ni J, Hernández-Cacho A, Nishi SK, et al. · BMC medicine · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 41327300Full text
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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Probiotics Targeting Gut Dysbiosis in Huntington's Disease Wasser CI, Mercieca EC, Kong G, et al. · Journal of Huntington's disease · 2023 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 37005888
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Probiotic Supplementation Improves Cognitive Function and Mood with Changes in Gut Microbiota in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial Kim CS, Cha L, Sim M, et al. · The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 32300799Full text
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Interleukin-6 Gene Expression Changes after a 4-Week Intake of a Multispecies Probiotic in Major Depressive Disorder-Preliminary Results of the PROVIT Study Reiter A, Bengesser SA, Hauschild AC, et al. · Nutrients · 2020 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 32858844Full text
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The gut microbiota-immune-brain axis: Therapeutic implications O'Riordan KJ, Moloney GM, Keane L, et al. · Cell reports. Medicine · 2025 · Review DOIPubMed 40054458Full text
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Gut microbiome-targeted therapies for Alzheimer's disease Zhang T, Gao G, Kwok LY, et al. · Gut microbes · 2023 · Review DOIPubMed 37934614Full text
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The microbiota-gut-brain axis and neurodevelopmental disorders Wang Q, Yang Q, Liu X · Protein & cell · 2023 · Review DOIPubMed 37166201Full text
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Obesity and gut-microbiota-brain axis: A narrative review Asadi A, Shadab Mehr N, Mohamadi MH, et al. · Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022 · Review DOIPubMed 35421277Full text
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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders Góralczyk-Bińkowska A, Szmajda-Krygier D, Kozłowska E · International journal of molecular sciences · 2022 · Review DOIPubMed 36232548Full text
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Human gut microbiota/microbiome in health and diseases: a review Gomaa EZ · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2020 · Review DOIPubMed 33136284
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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, et al. · Physiological reviews · 2019 · Review DOIPubMed 31460832