Gut Brain Evidence

Mehanizam

Što je zapravo osovina crijeva i mozga

Stvaran komunikacijski sustav, opsežno karakteriziran u glodavaca, a znatno slabije utvrđen u ljudima kojima se prodaje.

Updated 2 min read 30 citations Evidence strength 3/5

Snimka skenirajućim elektronskim mikroskopom bakterije Clostridioides difficile iz uzorka stolice
C. difficile se prekomjerno umnožava kada antibiotici uklone konkurentsku crijevnu floru. Unknown · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Putevi

Kako crijevo komunicira s mozgom
PutMehanizamDokazi kod ljudi
Vagusni nervAferentna vlakna prenose signale iz crijeva do moždanog deblaAnatomski utvrđeno; uzročnu ulogu teže je testirati
Mikrobni metabolitiKratkolančane masne kiseline i prekursori neurotransmitera ulaze u krvotokMjerljivo; učinci koji iz toga proizlaze nejasni su
Imunosna signalizacijaPropusnost crijeva i upalni citokiniPovezanosti su utvrđene; smjer je osporavan
HPA osHormoni stresa mijenjaju funkciju crijeva i obrnutoDvosmjerno i dobro dokumentirano
Enterički nervni sustavVlastiti neuroni crijeva koji djeluju polunezavisnoDobro karakterizirano

Ništa od ovoga nije rubna znanost. Enterički nervni sustav sadrži nekoliko stotina milijuna neurona i djeluje sa značajnom autonomijom. Stanje crijeva utječe na raspoloženje, a raspoloženje utječe na funkciju crijeva, što već znaju svi koji su bili nervozni prije ispita.

Putevi komunikacije crijeva i mozga

Problem smjera

Sustavni pregled pokazuje razlike u mikrobioti između osoba s depresijom ili anksioznošću i kontrolnih skupina [2]. Pitanje koje odlučuje o svemu je u kojem smjeru pokazuje strelica.

Depresija mijenja što ljudi jedu, koliko se kreću, kako spavaju i often često koje lijekove uzimaju. Svaka od tih promjena utječe na mikrobiom. Razlika u sastavu mikrobioma je stoga upravo ono što bismo očekivali ako depresija uzrokuje promjenu mikrobioma, a mikrobiom sam ne čini ništa.

Ista se teškoća odnosi na literaturu o metaboličkom sindromu [3] i na istraživanja autizma [4], gdje je selektivnost u prehrani česta i sama bi po sebi mogla stvoriti razlike u mikrobiomu.

Što bi to razrješilo

Randomizirana istraživanja definiranih intervencija na mikrobiomu s kliničkim ishodima, dovoljnim trajanjem i dovoljnom veličinom uzorka. Ona se počinju pojavljivati i to je razlog zašto će se ova stranica mijenjati. Do tada, pošten stav je da os postoji, ali da su potrošačke primjene izgrađene na njoj nedokazane — vidi probiotici.

Često postavljana pitanja

Je li crijevo zaista "drugi mozak"?
Enterički nervni sustav je velik i polunezavisan, tako da metafora ima osnovu. On ne razmišlja, a ta fraza više služi marketingu nego opisu.
Dolazi li 90% serotonina iz crijeva?
Većina serotonina u tijelu proizvodi se u crijevu, a on ne prolazi krvno-moždanu barijeru. Serotonin u crijevu i serotonin u mozgu uglavnom su odvojeni bazeni, što ta tvrdnja obično prešućuje.
Može li promjena prehrane promijeniti moje raspoloženje putem crijeva?
Prehrana utječe na raspoloženje putem mnogih putova. Izoliranje mikrobioma kao posrednika još nije postignuto kod ljudi.
Što stvarno treba učiniti?
Jedite više vlakana i fermentirane hrane. To je intervencija s najboljim dokazima i najnižim troškom — vidi vlakna.
Označene bočice s kemikalijama poredane zajedno na laboratorijskom stolu
564dude · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Povezano štivo

Dokazi na kojima se temelji ova stranica Stupčasti grafikon koji prikazuje sastav 17 publikacija citiranih na ovoj stranici, prema vrsti studije. 1025meta-analysis (10)randomised trial (2)review (5)
17 publikacija, 2019.–2025. To je mješavina koja sadrži i ispitivanja i sinteze, a to je upravo pozicija s koje je tvrdnja o uzročnosti razumna. Izvor: popis citata ove stranice, u nastavku.

References

Every citation below links to the original peer-reviewed record on PubMed or via DOI. Nothing here is a substitute for medical advice.

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